![]() ![]() In this case, there's the question of which $\phi$ to use, and I honestly don't know. The Brazilian code NBR-6118 and EC2 both put that limit at $4\phi$ or 50 mm. The codes usually define a maximum distance between lapping rebars. The arrows roughly represent the furthest distance that tension needs to travel from each bar. In the figure below, for instance, assume this is a splice section, with the tension from the large red bars being transferred to the small blue ones. However, if you are splicing multiple rebars in the same position, going from a few large diameter bars to many smaller ones, an incremement to the splice length may be required. So there's no reason to design your splice to withstand a force larger than the yield strength of the smaller bar. If the tensile force is larger (say, equal to the yield strength of the larger rebar), then the smaller rebar will rupture immediately after the splice. Therefore, if you are splicing two rebars of different diameters, the maximum tensile force that can be transferred via the splice is equal to the yield strength of the smaller rebar. However, once the splice is over, all the tension from the first rebar has been transferred to the other one, which must also be capable of withstanding that same tension. Since concrete is very weak against tension, large lap lengths are required such that the stress at any point in the concrete is not excessive. What is a splice? It is when tension force in a rebar is transferred to the concrete via adhesion and then to another rebar. The use of the smaller diameter is theoretically correct. ![]()
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